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An iframe is used to display a web page within a web page.

Syntax for adding an iframe:
<iframe src="URL"></iframe>
The URL points to the location of the separate page.

Iframe - Set Height and Width

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of the iframe.
The attribute values are specified in pixels by default, but they can also be in percent (like "80%").

Example

<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" width="200" height="200"></iframe>

Iframe - Remove the Border

The frameborder attribute specifies whether or not to display a border around the iframe.
Set the attribute value to "0" to remove the border:

Example

<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe>

Use iframe as a Target for a Link

An iframe can be used as the target frame for a link.
The target attribute of a link must refer to the name attribute of the iframe:

Example

<iframe src="demo_iframe.htm" name="iframe_a"></iframe>
<p><a href="http://www.w3schools.com" target="iframe_a">W3Schools.com</a></p> 

HTML iframe Tag

Tag Description
<iframe>    Defines an inline frame


Example Download !




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HTML Forms

HTML forms are used to pass data to a server.
An HTML form can contain input elements like text fields, checkboxes, radio-buttons, submit buttons and more. A form can also contain select lists, textarea, fieldset, legend, and label elements.
The <form> tag is used to create an HTML form:

<form>
.
input elements
.
</form>

HTML Forms - The Input Element

The most important form element is the <input> element.
The <input> element is used to select user information.
An <input> element can vary in many ways, depending on the type attribute. An <input> element can be of type text field, checkbox, password, radio button, submit button, and more.
The most common input types are described below.

Text Fields

<input type="text"> defines a one-line input field that a user can enter text into:
<form>
First name: <input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname">
</form>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
First name:
Last name:
Note: The form itself is not visible. Also note that the default width of a text field is 20 characters. 

Password Field

<input type="password"> defines a password field:
<form>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd">
</form>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Password:
Note: The characters in a password field are masked (shown as asterisks or circles).

Radio Buttons

<input type="radio"> defines a radio button. Radio buttons let a user select ONLY ONE of a limited number of choices:
<form>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="male">Male<br>
<input type="radio" name="sex" value="female">Female
</form>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

Male
Female

Checkboxes

<input type="checkbox"> defines a checkbox. Checkboxes let a user select ZERO or MORE options of a limited number of choices.
<form>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike">I have a bike<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car">I have a car
</form>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

I have a bike
I have a car

Submit Button

<input type="submit"> defines a submit button.
A submit button is used to send form data to a server. The data is sent to the page specified in the form's action attribute. The file defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input:
<form name="input" action="html_form_action.asp" method="get">
Username: <input type="text" name="user">
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Username:
If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_action.asp". The page will show you the received input.

HTML Form Tags

New : New tags in HTML5.
Tag Description
<form> Defines an HTML form for user input
<input> Defines an input control
<textarea> Defines a multiline input control (text area)
<label> Defines a label for an <input> element
<fieldset> Groups related elements in a form
<legend> Defines a caption for a <fieldset> element
<select> Defines a drop-down list
<optgroup> Defines a group of related options in a drop-down list
<option> Defines an option in a drop-down list
<button> Defines a clickable button
<datalist> Specifies a list of pre-defined options for input controls
<keygen> Defines a key-pair generator field (for forms)
<output> Defines the result of a calculation

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HTML Block Elements

Most HTML elements are defined as block level elements or as inline elements.
Block level elements normally start (and end) with a new line when displayed in a browser.
Examples: <h1>, <p>, <ul>, <table>

HTML Inline Elements

Inline elements are normally displayed without starting a new line.
Examples: <b>, <td>, <a>, <img>

 

The HTML <div> Element

The HTML <div> element is a block level element that can be used as a container for grouping other HTML elements.
 The <div> element has no special meaning. Except that, because it is a block level element, the browser will display a line break before and after it.
When used together with CSS, the <div> element can be used to set style attributes to large blocks of content.
Another common use of the <div> element, is for document layout. It replaces the "old way" of defining layout using tables. Using <table> elements for layout is not the correct use of <table>. The purpose of the <table> element is to display tabular data.

The HTML <span> Element

The HTML <span> element is an inline element that can be used as a container for text.
The <span> element has no special meaning.
When used together with CSS, the <span> element can be used to set style attributes to parts of the text.

HTML Grouping Tags

 Tag  Description

<div> Defines a section in a document (block-level)
<span> Defines a section in a document (inline)

<div> Exmaple 

A section in a document that will be displayed in blue:
<div style="color:#0000FF">
  <h3>This is a heading</h3>
  <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</div> 
 
Span Example
 
A <span> element used to color a part of a text:
<p>My mother has <span style="color:blue">blue</span> eyes.</p>





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The most common HTML lists are ordered and unordered lists:

 

 

 

 

 

 

HTML Lists

An ordered list:

  1. The first list item
  2. The second list item
  3. The third list item

An unordered list:

  • List item
  • List item
  • List item

HTML Unordered Lists

An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with bullets (typically small black circles).
<ul>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ul>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
  • Coffee
  • Milk

HTML Ordered Lists

An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.
The list items are marked with numbers.
<ol>
<li>Coffee</li>
<li>Milk</li>
</ol>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
  1. Coffee
  2. Milk

HTML Definition Lists

A definition list is a list of items, with a description of each item.
The <dl> tag defines a definition list.
The <dl> tag is used in conjunction with <dt> (defines the item in the list) and <dd> (describes the item in the list):
<dl>
<dt>Coffee</dt>
<dd>- black hot drink</dd>
<dt>Milk</dt>
<dd>- white cold drink</dd>
</dl>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
Coffee
- black hot drink
Milk
- white cold drink

HTML List Tags

 

Tag Description
<ol> Defines an ordered list
<ul> Defines an unordered list
<li> Defines a list item
<dl> Defines a definition list
<dt> Defines an item in a definition list
<dd> Defines a description of an item in a definition list

HTML <ol> Tag

Example

2 different ordered lists:

<ol>
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ol>

<ol start="50">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ol>
 

 HTML <ul> Tag

Example

An unordered HTML list:
<ul>
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ul> 

HTML <li> Tag

Example

One ordered (<ol>) and one unordered (<ul>) HTML list:
<ol>
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ol>

<ul>
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ul> 

 HTML <dl> Tag

 

Example

A definition list, with items and descriptions:
<dl>
  <dt>Coffee</dt>
    <dd>Black hot drink</dd>
  <dt>Milk</dt>
    <dd>White cold drink</dd>
</dl> 

 HTML <dt> Tag

Example

A definition list, with items and descriptions:
<dl>
  <dt>Coffee</dt>
    <dd>Black hot drink</dd>
  <dt>Milk</dt>
    <dd>White cold drink</dd>
</dl> 

 HTML <dd> Tag

Example

A definition list, with items and descriptions:
<dl>
  <dt>Coffee</dt>
    <dd>Black hot drink</dd>
  <dt>Milk</dt>
    <dd>White cold drink</dd>
</dl>

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HTML Tables

Tables are defined with the <table> tag.
A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag), and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). td stands for "table data," and holds the content of a data cell. A <td> tag can contain text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

 

 

 

Table Example

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
How the HTML code above looks in a browser:

row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

HTML Tables and the Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show.
To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

HTML Table Headers

Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
All major browsers display the text in the <th> element as bold and centered.
<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>
How the HTML code above looks in your browser:
 
Header 1 Header 2
row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

HTML Table Tags

Tag
Description
<table>
Defines a table
<th>
Defines a header cell in a table
<tr>
Defines a row in a table
<td>
Defines a cell in a table
<caption>
Defines a table caption
<colgroup>
Specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting
<col>
Specifies column properties for each column within a <colgroup> element
<thead>
Groups the header content in a table
<tbody>
Groups the body content in a table
<tfoot>
Groups the footer content in a table

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HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute

In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag. 
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display. 

 
Syntax for defining an image:

<img src="url" alt="some_text">
The URL points to the location where the image is stored. An image named "boat.gif", located in the "images" directory on "www.w3schools.com" has the URL: http://www.w3schools.com/images/boat.gif.
The browser displays the image where the <img> tag occurs in the document. If you put an image tag between two paragraphs, the browser shows the first paragraph, then the image, and then the second paragraph. 

HTML Images - The Alt Attribute

The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:
<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat">
The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).

HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an Image

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of an image.
The attribute values are specified in pixels by default:
<img src="pulpit.jpg" alt="Pulpit rock" width="304" height="228">
Tip: It is a good practice to specify both the height and width attributes for an image. If these attributes are set, the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the image. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images takes time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.
Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.

HTML Image Tags


Tag Description
<img> Defines an image
<map> Defines an image-map
<area> Defines a clickable area inside an image-map

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Styling HTML with CSS

CSS was introduced together with HTML 4, to provide a better way to style HTML elements.
CSS can be added to HTML in the following ways:
  • Inline - using the style attribute in HTML elements
  • Internal - using the <style> element in the <head> section
  • External - using an external CSS file
The preferred way to add CSS to HTML, is to put CSS syntax in separate CSS files.
However, in this HTML tutorial we will introduce you to CSS using the style attribute. This is done to simplify the examples. It also makes it easier for you to edit the code and try it yourself. 

You can learn everything about CSS in our CSS Tutorial.

Inline Styles

An inline style can be used if a unique style is to be applied to one single occurrence of an element.
To use inline styles, use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example below shows how to change the text color and the left margin of a paragraph:
<p style="color:blue;margin-left:20px;">This is a paragraph.</p>
To learn more about style sheets, visit our CSS tutorial.

HTML Style Example - Background Color

The background-color property defines the background color for an element:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body style="background-color:yellow;">
<h2 style="background-color:red;">This is a heading</h2>
<p style="background-color:green;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>
 

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an element:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">A heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:20px;">A paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>
 

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<h1 style="text-align:center;">Center-aligned heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>
 

Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet can be used if one single document has a unique style. Internal styles are defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:
<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color:yellow;}
p {color:blue;}
</style>
</head>

External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the <head> section:
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>

HTML Style Tags

Tag Description
<style> Defines style information for a document
<link> Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource

Deprecated Tags and Attributes

In HTML 4, several tags and attributes were used to style documents. These tags are not supported in newer versions of HTML.
Avoid using the elements: <font>, <center>, and <strike>, and the attributes: color and bgcolor.
 
 
 

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The HTML <head> Element

The <head> element is a container for all the head elements. Elements inside <head> can include scripts, instruct the browser where to find style sheets, provide meta information, and more.
The following tags can be added to the head section: <title>, <style>, <meta>, <link>, <script>, <noscript>, and <base>.

The HTML <title> Element

The <title> tag defines the title of the document.
The <title> element is required in all HTML/XHTML documents.
The <title> element:

  • defines a title in the browser toolbar
  • provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites
  • displays a title for the page in search-engine results
A simplified HTML document:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>
<body>
The content of the document......
</body>
</html>


The HTML <base> Element

The <base> tag specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a page:

<head>
<base href="http://www.w3schools.com/images/" target="_blank">
</head>


The HTML <link> Element

The <link> tag defines the relationship between a document and an external resource.
The <link> tag is most used to link to style sheets:

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>


The HTML <style> Element

The <style> tag is used to define style information for an HTML document.
Inside the <style> element you specify how HTML elements should render in a browser:

<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color:yellow}
p {color:blue}
</style>
</head>


The HTML <meta> Element

Metadata is data (information) about data.
The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable.
Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified, and other metadata.
The metadata can be used by browsers (how to display content or reload page), search engines (keywords), or other web services.
<meta> tags always goes inside the <head> element.

<meta> Tags - Examples of Use

Define keywords for search engines:

<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, XML, XHTML, JavaScript">
Define a description of your web page:

<meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML and CSS">
Define the author of a page:

<meta name="author" content="Hege Refsnes">
Refresh document every 30 seconds:

<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30">


The HTML <script> Element

The <script> tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript.
The <script> element will be explained in a later chapter.

HTML head Elements


Tag Description
<head> Defines information about the document
<title> Defines the title of a document
<base> Defines a default address or a default target for all links on a page
<link> Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource
<meta> Defines metadata about an HTML document
<script> Defines a client-side script
<style> Defines style information for a document

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HTML Text Formatting Tags

Tag Description
<b> Defines bold text
<em> Defines emphasized text 
<i> Defines a part of text in an alternate voice or mood
<small> Defines smaller text
<strong> Defines important text
<sub> Defines subscripted text
<sup> Defines superscripted text
<ins> Defines inserted text
<del> Defines deleted text

HTML "Computer Output" Tags

Tag Description
<code> Defines computer code text
<kbd> Defines keyboard text 
<samp> Defines sample computer code
<var> Defines a variable
<pre> Defines preformatted text

HTML Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags


Tag Description
<abbr> Defines an abbreviation or acronym
<address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document
<bdo> Defines the text direction
<blockquote> Defines a section that is quoted from another source
<q> Defines an inline (short) quotation
<cite> Defines the title of a work
<dfn> Defines a definition term

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HTML Headings

 

HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.

Example

<h1>This is a heading</h1>
<h2>This is a heading</h2>
<h3>This is a heading</h3> 

HTML Paragraphs

HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

Example

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<p>This is another paragraph.</p> 

HTML Links

HTML links are defined with the <a> tag.

Example

<a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a> 

HTML Images

HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.

Example

<img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142">

HTML Comments

Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
Comments are written like this:

Example

<!-- This is a comment -->

HTML Line Breaks

Use the <br> tag if you want a line break (a new line) without starting a new paragraph:

Example

<p>This is<br>a para<br>graph with line breaks</p>

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What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.
  • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
  • HTML is a markup language
  • A markup language is a set of markup tags
  • The tags describe document content
  • HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
  • HTML documents are also called web pages

HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
  • HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
  • HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
  • The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
  • The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name
  • Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

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